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The research and application of extracellular particles (EPs) have expanded far beyond the realm of eukaryotic cells, encompassing diverse sources such as plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and even milk. This broad spectrum of origins not only highlights the versatility of EPs but also underscores their potential utility across various industries, including diagnostics, therapeutics, cosmetics, and functional foods.
CELL CULTURE
Cell lines have traditionally been a primary source for isolating EPs. These lines provide a consistent and scalable platform, making them ideal for diagnostic research and potential therapeutic applications. The conditioned media from cell cultures serve as a rich source of EPs, facilitating extensive study and utilization.
PLANTS
Plant-derived extracellular particles offer significant advantages, especially in the cosmetics and food industries. Unlike human stem cell-derived particles, which face stringent regulatory and safety hurdles in Europe, plant stem cell-derived EPs present a safe alternative for cosmetic use. Their similarity to mammalian extracellular particles allows them to effectively penetrate human cells. Particles derived from various plant tissues such as fruits, vegetables, and grains, have shown potential in intercellular communication and can be integrated as bioactives in consumer products. They are also beneficial as food ingredients, providing a natural and versatile addition to dietary products.
FUNGI
Extracellular particles from fungi exhibit a range of beneficial properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating effects. These attributes make fungi-derived EPs suitable for inclusion in skincare products, dietary supplements, and functional foods, offering natural and health-promoting ingredients.
BACTERIA
The exploration of bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) is revealing their potential as a cost-effective and scalable alternative to eukaryotic EPs. BMVs can be engineered to display specific antigens, positioning them as promising candidates for vaccine development. Their ability to be produced on a large scale and at a lower cost further enhances their attractiveness for therapeutic applications.
MILK
Milk is a prolific source of extracellular particles, crucial for the development and immune function in newborns. These milk-derived EPs possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, making them suitable for various therapeutic and cosmetic uses. Their natural origin and beneficial properties make them valuable bioactive compounds in a range of products.
The diversity of EP sources—from cell cultures to plants, fungi, bacteria, and milk—demonstrates their extensive potential across multiple industries. A key advantage lies in the structural similarity of EPs from different sources, which enhances their ability to facilitate cross-kingdom communication. This structural commonality broadens the scope of their applications and offers innovative solutions to existing challenges in scalability, cost, and regulatory compliance.
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EXOLITUS, UAB
Kaunas, Lithuania Corp. ID 305464858
Kaunas, Lithuania Corp. ID 305464858
info@exolitus.com
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Don’t hesitate to contact us
+370 664 09669
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